Wednesday, July 4, 2012

Cultural Influences on Parenting and Education

I just finished reading a book entitled, How Eskimos Keep Their Babies Warm, by Mei-Ling Hopgood.  This book explores ideas about parenting through multiple cultural perspectives.  Each chapter focuses on a different topic that parents find important—sleeping, eating, toilet training, family connections, play, work and education.

In the chapter on education, Hopgood takes on the notion that Asian children tend to out-perform children from other cultural groups.  She examines culture and ethnicity as a variable for academic achievement by through a review of research, informal interviews and reflecting on her own experiences.  Her inquiry stresses how parents are the purveyors of cultural messages to their children about the importance of academic success.
Last year, I completed a series of interviews with a group of first year students at a Midwestern college.  The focus of the second interview was to examine how family and community contexts have shaped the beliefs and attitudes of the student and how those beliefs translated into their college experience.  I asked the students about why they chose to go to college and what they believed about education.  As a follow up, I asked them what they thought their parents believe about education and how that message was delivered to them.

Students in the group described education as a means to getting a job and success as well as improving themselves as a person.  For example, one person stated, “I think it opens your mind to what’s out there” and “taking classes will make you smarter and at the same time more personable”. 
When asked what they thought their parents believed about education, the students consistently stated that their parents thought education was important.  They described both direct messages around the dinner table about the importance of education and working hard.  They also described indirect teaching through parents modeling their own learning and being engaged and involved in their child’s education.  What the parents did mattered.  The actions and words of the parents translated to the personal beliefs and motivations that students have for their own education. 

Hopgood reported on several studies and polls that show that students in the United States are not performing as well as counterparts in other countries.  She raises the question that even though American parents likely want their child to success, are we really devoting the time “to instilling in our children with value of studying and working hard to achieve what they want and to overcome any so-called barriers or lack of opportunity” (p. 251).  With the broader cultural lens, we have to also consider rich factors such as societal expectations, political systems, media representations, etc., but we still get the idea that what the parent does or does not do makes a difference. 

Hopgood, M. (2012). How Eskimos Keep Their Babies Warm: And Other Adventures in Parenting. New York: Algonquin Books.

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